README This data file is published by the Movebank Data Repository (www.datarepository.movebank.org). As of the time of publication, a version of this published animal tracking dataset can be viewed on Movebank (www.movebank.org) in the study "The gateway to Africa: what determines sea crossing performance of a migratory soaring bird at the strait of Gibraltar?" (Movebank Study ID 1049826825). Individual attributes in the data files are defined below, in the NERC Vocabulary Server at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB and in the Movebank Attribute Dictionary at www.movebank.org/node/2381. Metadata describing this data package are maintained at https://datacite.org. This data package includes the following data files: The gateway to Africa_ what determines sea crossing performance of a migratory soaring bird at the strait of Gibraltar.csv The gateway to Africa_ what determines sea crossing performance of a migratory soaring bird at the strait of Gibraltar-reference-data.csv AEMET_meteorological_data.csv Data package citation: Santos CD, Silva JP, Muñoz A, Onrubia A, Wikelski M (2020) Data from: The gateway to Africa: what determines sea crossing performance of a migratory soaring bird at the strait of Gibraltar? Movebank Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.5441/001/1.r9g07dr8 These data are described in the following written publication: Santos CD, Silva JP, Muñoz A-R, Onrubia A, Wikelski M (2020) The gateway to Africa: what determines sea crossing performance of a migratory soaring bird at the strait of Gibraltar? Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13201 ----------- Terms of Use This data file is licensed by the Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0) license. The intent of this license is to facilitate the re-use of works. The Creative Commons Zero license is a "no rights reserved" license that allows copyright holders to opt out of copyright protections automatically extended by copyright and other laws, thus placing works in the public domain with as little legal restriction as possible. However, works published with this license must still be appropriately cited following professional and ethical standards for academic citation. We highly recommend that you contact the data creator if possible if you will be re-using or re-analyzing data in this file. Researchers will likely be interested in learning about new uses of their data, might also have important insights about how to properly analyze and interpret their data, and/or might have additional data they would be willing to contribute to your project. Feel free to contact us at support@movebank.org if you need assistance contacting data owners. See here for the full description of this license http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 ----------- Data Attributes These definitions come from the Movebank Attribute Dictionary, available at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB and www.movebank.org/node/2381. animal ID: An individual identifier for the animal, provided by the data owner. If the data owner does not provide an Animal ID, an internal Movebank animal identifier is sometimes shown. example: 91876A, Gary units: none entity described: individual same as: individual local identifier animal life stage: The age class or life stage of the animal at the beginning of the deployment. Can be years or months of age or terms such as 'adult', 'subadult' and 'juvenile'. Best practice is to define units in the values if needed (e.g. '2 years'). example: juvenile, adult units: not defined entity described: deployment animal sex: The sex of the animal. Allowed values are m = male f = female format: controlled list entity described: individual animal taxon: The scientific name of the species on which the tag was deployed, as defined by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, www.itis.gov). If the species name can not be provided, this should be the lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined and that is used in the ITIS taxonomy. Additional information can be provided using the term 'taxon detail'. example: Buteo swainsoni format: controlled list entity described: individual same as: individual taxon canonical name attachment type: The way a tag is attached to an animal. Values are chosen from a controlled list: collar = The tag is attached by a collar around the animal's neck glue = The tag is attached to the animal using glue harness = The tag is attached to the animal using a harness implant = The tag is placed under the skin of the animal tape = The tag is attached to the animal using tape other = user specified format: controlled list entity described: deployment comments: Additional information about events that is not described by other event data terms. example: we observed the animal foraging (see photo BT25) units: none entity described: event THIS DATASET: "cross" or "fail", identifying whether the track segment containing this event represents a successful or failed crossing of the Straight of Gibraltar. deploy off timestamp: The timestamp when the tag deployment ended. example: 2009-10-01 12:00:00.000 format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS units: UTC or GPS time entity described: deployment same as: deploy off date deploy on timestamp: The timestamp when the tag deployment started. example: 2008-08-30 18:00:00.000 format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS units: UTC or GPS time entity described: deployment same as: deploy on date deployment ID: A unique identifier for the deployment of a tag on animal, provided by the data owner. If the data owner does not provide a Deployment ID, an internal Movebank deployment identifier may sometimes be shown. example: Jane-Tag42 units: none entity described: deployment event ID: An identifier for the set of values associated with each event, i.e. sensor measurement. A unique event ID is assigned to every time-location or other time-measurement record in Movebank. If multiple measurements are included within a single row of a data file, they will share an event ID. If users import the same sensor measurement to Movebank multiple times, a separate event ID will be assigned to each. example: 6340565 units: none entity described: event ground speed: The estimated ground speed provided by the sensor or calculated between consecutive locations. example: 7.22 units: m/s entity described: event height above mean sea level: The estimated height of the tag above mean sea level, typically estimated by the tag. If altitudes are calculated as height above an ellipsoid, use 'height above ellipsoid'. example: 34 units: m entity described: event same as: height above msl location lat: The geographic longitude of the location as estimated by the sensor. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. example: -41.0982423 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event location long: The geographic longitude of the location as estimated by the sensor. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. example: -121.1761111 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event manipulation type: The way in which the animal was manipulated during the deployment. Values are chosen from a controlled list: confined = The animal's movement was restricted to within a defined area none = The animal received no treatment other than the tag attachment relocated = The animal was released from a site other than the one at which it was captured manipulated other = The animal was manipulated in some other way, such as a physiological manipulation. format: controlled list entity described: deployment sensor type: The type of sensor with which data were collected. All sensors are associated with a tag id, and tags can contain multiple sensor types. Each event record in Movebank is assigned one sensor type. If values from multiple sensors are reported in a single event, the primary sensor is used. Values are chosen from a controlled list: acceleration = The sensor collects acceleration data accessory measurements = The sensor collects accessory measurements, such as battery voltage Argos Doppler shift = The sensor uses Argos Doppler shift to determine position barometer = The sensor records air or water pressure bird ring = The animal is identified by a band or ring that has a unique identifier GPS = The sensor uses GPS to determine location magnetometer = The sensor records the magnetic field natural mark = The animal is identified by a unique natural marking orientation = Quaternion components describing the orientation of the tag are derived from accelerometer and gyroscope measurements radio transmitter = The sensor is a classical radio transmitter solar geolocator = The sensor collects light levels, which are used to determine position (for processed locations) solar geolocator raw = The sensor collects light levels, which are used to determine position (for raw light-level measurements) solar geolocator twilight = The sensor collects light levels, which are used to determine position (for twilights calculated from light-level measurements). format: controlled list entity described: event study name: The name of the study in Movebank. example: Coyotes, Kays and Bogan, Albany NY units: none entity described: study, event tag ID: A unique identifier for the tag, provided by the data owner. If the data owner does not provide a tag ID, an internal Movebank tag identifier may sometimes be shown. example: 2342 units: none entity described: tag same as: tag local identifier tag manufacturer name: The company or person that produced the tag. example: Holohil units: none entity described: tag tag mass: The mass of the tag. example: 24 units: grams entity described: tag tag model: The model of the tag. example: T61 units: none entity described: tag tag readout method: The way the data are received from the tag. Values are chosen from a controlled list: satellite = Data are transferred via satellite phone network = Data are transferred via a phone network, such as GSM or AMPS other wireless = Data are transferred via another form of wireless data transfer, such as a VHF transmitter/receiver tag retrieval = The tag must be physically retrieved in order to obtain the data. format: controlled list entity described: deployment tag tech spec: Values for a tag-specific technical specification. Can be used to store measurements not described by existing Movebank attributes. Best practice is to define the values and units in the reference data or study details. example: 8.31 units: not defined entity described: event THIS DATASET: the mean heave amplitude (g): The mean of heave amplitudes calculated for each acceleration record in the track. The heave amplitude is the absolute difference between the heave value of an acceleration record in the track and the track heave mean. This variable can be used as a proxy of flapping effort (Halsey, Portugal, Smith, Murn, & Wilson, 2009). timestamp: The date and time corresponding to a sensor measurement or an estimate derived from sensor measurements. example: 2008-08-14 18:31:00.000 format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS units: UTC or GPS time entity described: event visible: Determines whether an event is visible on the Movebank map. Values are calculated automatically, with TRUE indicating the event has not been flagged as an outlier by 'algorithm marked outlier', 'import marked outlier' or 'manually marked outlier', or that the user has overridden the results of these outlier attributes using 'manually marked valid' = TRUE. Allowed values are TRUE or FALSE. units: none entity described: event ----------- File AEMET_meteorological_data.csv These definitions are specific to this original data file from the author. This file contains weather data obtained from a weather station located in Tarifa (36.0138 deg N, 5.5988 deg W), except in four periods of a few hours each (on the 10th, 11th, and 12th of August 2012 and 6th of September 2013) when this weather station malfunctioned. For these periods wind data are from a weather station located in Ceuta (35.8886 deg N, 5.3469 deg W). Both weather stations belong to the Spanish state meteorological agency (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología, AEMET). Time (UTC+2): time of the measurement, in format yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss (UTC+2) Wind speed (m/s): wind speed, in m/s Wind direction (degrees): wind direction, in degrees Solar irradiance (min.): minutes of sunshine during the 10-minute interval ----------- More Information For more information about this repository, see www.movebank.org/node/15294, the FAQ at www.movebank.org/node/2220, or contact us at support@movebank.org.